Wednesday, 22 June 2016
sir sayed ahmad khan
SIR SAYED AHMAD KHAN
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Sir
Saiyad Ahmad, Khan Bahadur, L.L.D, K.C.S.I.
By Afzal Usmani
"There
are two kind of people came to this world, one who work to live and the other
who live to work". Sir Saiyad lived to work
Born :
17th October 1817 Delhi
Died :
27th March 1898, Aligarh
Father
: Saiyad Muhammad Muttaqi,
Mother : Azizun Nisa Begum
Wife : Parsa Begum(Mubarak) Married : 1836
Children : Saiyad Hamid, Saiyad Mahmud and Amina.
Mother : Azizun Nisa Begum
Wife : Parsa Begum(Mubarak) Married : 1836
Children : Saiyad Hamid, Saiyad Mahmud and Amina.
Biography:
Hayat-e-Javed (By Maulana Altaf Husain Hali)
“ Hai
Dileri daste-arbab-e-siyaasat ka Aasa` “
“Sir
Saiyad was a prophet of education “ (Mahatma
Gandhi)
“The real greatness of the man (Sir Saiyad) consists in the fact
that he was the first Indian Muslim who felt the need of a fresh orientation of
Islam and worked for it’’ (Sir Allama Iqbal)
“Sir Saiyad was an ardent reformer and he wanted to reconcile
modern scientific thought with religion by rationalistic interpretations and
not by attacking basic belief. He was anxious to push new education. He was in
no way communally separatist. Repeatedly he emphasized that religious differences
should have no political and national significance”.
( Jawaharlal Nehru, Founder Prime Minister of India)
( Jawaharlal Nehru, Founder Prime Minister of India)
“Sir Saiyad’s vision and his laborious efforts to meet the
demands of challenging times are highly commendable. The dark post 1857 era was
indeed hopeless and only men like Raja Mohan Roy and Sir Saiyad could penetrate
through its thick veil to visualize the Nation’s destinies. They rightly believed
that the past
had its merits and its legacies were valuable but it was the future that a
society was called upon to cope with. I offer my homage to Sir Saiyad for his
vision and courage that withstood all obstructions both from the friends and
the foes”
(Mr. Inder Kumar Gujral, Former Prime Minister of India).
(Mr. Inder Kumar Gujral, Former Prime Minister of India).
The
Founder
Sir Syed
Ahmed Khan, one of the architects of modern India was born on October 17, 1817
in Delhi and started his career as a civil servant.
The 1857 revolt was one of the turning points of Syed Ahmed’s
life. He clearly foresaw the imperative need for the Muslims to acquire
proficiency in the English language and modern sciences if the community were
to maintain its social and political identity, particularly in Northern India.
He was one of those early pioneers who recognized the critical
role of education for the empowerment of the poor and backward Muslim
community. In more than one ways Sir Syed was one of the greatest social
reformers and a great national builder of modern India. He began to prepare the
road map for the formation of a Muslim University by starting various schools.
He instituted Scientific Society in 1863 to create a scientific temperament
among the Muslims and to make the Western knowledge available to Indians in
their own language. The Aligarh Institute Gazette, an organ of the Scientific
Society was started in March 1866 and succeeded in transforming the minds in
the traditional Muslim Society. Anyone with an average level of commitment
would have backed off in the face of strong opposition but Sir Syed responded
by bringing out another journal ‘Tehzibul Akhlaq’ which was rightly named in
English as ‘Mohammedan Social Reformer’.
In 1875, Sir Syed founded the Madarsatul Uloom in Aligarh and
patterned the MAO College after Oxford and Cambridge universities that he
visited on a trip to London in 1869. His objective was to build a college in
tune with the British education system but without compromising its Islamic
values. He wanted this College to act as a bridge between the old and the new,
the East and the West. While he fully appreciated the need and urgency of imparting
instruction based on Western learning, he was not oblivious to the value of
Oriental learning and wanted to preserve and transmit to posterity the rich
legacy of the past. Dr. Sir Mohammad Iqbal observed that “the real greatness of
Sir Syed consists in the fact that he was the first Indian Muslim who felt the
need of a fresh orientation of Islam and worked for it--- his sensitive nature
was the first to react to modern age”.
The aim of Sir Syed was not merely restricted to establishing a
college at Aligarh but at spreading a network of Muslim managed educational
institutions throughout the length and breadth of the country. Keeping in view
this, he instituted All India Muslim Educational Conference in 1886 that
revived the spirit of Muslims at national level. TheAligarh
Movement motivated the Muslims to help open a number of
educational institutions. It was the first of its kind of such Muslim NGO in
India, which awakened the Muslims from their deep slumber and infused social
and political awareness among them.
He contributed much to the development of the modern society of
the subcontinent. During Sir Syed’s own life time, ‘The Englishman’, a renowned
British magazine of the 19th century remarked in a note on November 17, 1885:
‘Sir Syed’s life “strikingly illustrated one of the best phases of modern
history”. He died on March 27, 1898 and lies buried next to the main mosque at
AMU.
An
Architect of Modern India
History of social and educational reforms in Indian sub-continent
can not be completed without Sir Saiyad Ahmad Khan. He is one of the great
thinker, philosopher and revolutionaries who had dedicated his complete life
for his nation and especially for his community. Nineteenth century was a hard time
for the nation of India and especially for Muslims in the aftermath of 1857
revolt against British colonialism. Sir Saiyad tried and motivated Indian
Muslim. In the history of India’s transition from medievalism to modernism, Sir
Saiyad stand out prominently as a dynamic force pitted against conservatism,
superstitions, inertia and ignorance. He contributed many of the essential
elements to the development of modern India and paved the growth of a healthy
scientific attitude of mind which is sine qua non for advancement, both
material and intellectual. Sir Saiyad said : After the Revolt of 1857, I was
grieved neither on account of the plunder of my house nor on account of the
loss of property that I had suffered. What saddened my heart was the misery and
destruction of people. When Mr. Shakespeare offered to me the Taluqa of
Jehanabad, which originally belonged to a distinguished Saiyad family, and
yielded an annual rental of more than a lac rupees, as a reward of my services,
my heart was deeply hurt. I said to myself, how can I accept this jagir and
become the Taluqdar while all the people are in distress. I refused to accept
it.
Sir Saiyad was born on 17th October 1817 in Delhi in a respectable
family of Saiyad Mohammad Muttaqi & Azizun Nisa Begum . Sir Saiyad and
Maulana Qasim Nanotwi (Founder of Darul-Uloom, Deoband) studied together under
the able guidance of Maulana Mamlook Ali in Delhi. Sir Saiyad studied
mathematics, Geology and Medicine from his uncle, Saiyad Zainul Abedin. He also
studied Arabic literature, Tafseer-e-Quran, Hadith, and Fiqah from Maulana
Makhsusullah (s/o Maulana Shah Rafiuddin Dahlwi ), Maulana Nawazish Ali and
Maulana Faizul Hasan Saharanpuri. In 1836 Sir Saiyad got married to Parsa Begum
(Mubarak) and had two sons, Hamid (born in 1849) and Mahmood (born in 1850) and
a daughter Amina. His elder brother Saiyad Muhammad started a weekly newspaper
in 1837 and out of love of his younger brother Saiyad Ahmad (also known as
Saiyad in his youth), named the newspaper Saiyadul-Akhbar . After Saiyad
Muhammad’s death in 1845, Sir Saiyad Ahmad started managing Saiyadul-Akhbar.
Sir Saiyad was a great champion of Hindu-Muslim Unity. Addressing
a big gathering at Gurudaspur on Jan. 27, 1884 He said: “ Hindus and Muslims !
Do you belong to a country other than India ? Don’t you live on this soil and
are you not buried under it or cremated on its Ghats ? If you live and die on
this land, then bear in mind, that Hindus and Muslims is but a religious word;
all the Hindus, Muslims and Christians who live in this country are one
nation.”
Father
of Aligarh movement
This most respected and important educational centre for Indian
Muslims was initially founded as Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College (MAOC) at
Aligarh in 1875 by Sir Saiyad Ahmed Khan and subsequently raised to the status
of Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) in 1920. Aligarh Muslim University (AMU),
known more as a movement than an academic institution is one of the most
important chapters of Indian history as far as the sociology of Hindu-Muslim
relation is concerned. Sir Saiyad said: “This is the first time in the history
of Mohammedans of India, that a college owes it nor to the charity or love of
learning of an individual, nor to the spending patronage of a monarch, but to
the combined wishes and the united efforts of a whole community. It has its own
origin in course which the history of this county has never witnessed before.
It is based on principles of toleration and progress such as find no parallel
in the annals of the east.” Sir Saiyad’ famous speech which he made while
foundation of MAO College was laid down by Lord Lytton on 18th January, 1877 is
the soul of Aligarh Movement. Sir Saiyad said: “from the
seed which we sow today, there may spring up a mighty tree, whose branches,
like those of the banyan of the soil, shall in their turn strike firm roots
into the earth, and themselves send forth new and vigorous saplings”.
It’s a common misconception that Sir Saiyad and Aligarh
Movement is anti-oriental studies (Islamic and Eastern studies)
and MAO College was started in a reactionary movement to counter the religious
school, Darul-Uloom Deoband, started by Maulana Qasim Nanotvi (another student
of Sir Saiyad’s teacher Maulana Mamlook Ali Nanotvi). In fact Sir Saiyad had a
broader vision and had put forward the need of the hour to get equipped with
the modern education to improve the social and economical conditions of Muslims
of India. He never discouraged or denied the importance of religious and
oriental studies. By his individual means and with the help of Muslim
Educational Conference, he always tried to modernize the Madarasas, update
their syllabus as per the need of the hour.
Sir
Saiyad wrote a lot about these things in Tahzeebul-akhlaq. Sir Saiyad’s
educational vision has two strong points;
1. Adoption
of Modern education
2. Moral
Education
From the beginning, Madarsatul-Uloom, later MAO College was
equipped with the above philosophy. Tarbiyat of the students living in Hostels
were part of the duties of Principal and Manager of Hostels. For Islamic and
moral education, Sir Saiyad created a position of Nazim-e-Diniyaat for MAO College
who was responsible for Islamic and moral education of the students.
Dars-e-Quran was part of curriculum of the college and every morning before the
start of the class, Allama Shibli Nomani used to give Dars-e-Quran for about
half hour from 1887 to 1895 and later on the responsibility was handed over to
Maulana Abdullah Ansari, the founder Nazim-e-Diniyaat.
Sir Saiyad breathed his last on Sunday, 27th March 1898. The
funeral took place on Monday, 28th March 1898. The Janazah prayers were offered
in the cricket field lead by the founder Nazim-e-Diniyaat, Maulana Abdullah
Ansari (son in law of Maulana Qasim Nanotwi and grandson of Sir Saiyad’s
teacher Maulana Mamlook Ali). The burial took place in College Jama Masjid.
Maulana
Altaf Hussain Haali- writer of Sir Saiyad’s biography, HAYAAT-E-JAVED;
“After Sir Saiyad’s death, it was not only by words but also by
actions that the people proved their love and respect for his high ideals.
Almost at once, some people began to press for the foundation of Muslim University.
The movement spread all over India and abroad and people started raising money
for Sir Saiyad’s finest memorial.. Even in England students raised money for
the Muslim University. People were surprised to see the interest of Englishmen
and their efforts to collect money to fulfill the dream of Sir Saiyad to make
MAO College as Muslim University. There is an old saying that a good friend is
like a leafy tree. For when a tree is in full bloom one has the pleasure of its
shade and the enjoyment of its fruits, and when it withers, its wood is put to
many uses. Sir Saiyad was such a friend to the Muslims. When he was alive, he
laboured for them with his body, his words, his pen and his money. When he died
he left the memory of his love and work imprinted on their hearts so that they
might come together and build on the foundations he has laid. “
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*The
pictures are a courtesy from http://sirsyedresearchcenter.com
**The document is a courtesy from Mr. Enver Masood, a direct decedent of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
**The document is a courtesy from Mr. Enver Masood, a direct decedent of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
Anniversary
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